译文/Translated：
EOS VC奖金获得者Chintai为今天的金融和数字流程及系统提供了EOSIO支持的自动化措施，减少它们实现合规的成本。
Chintai一开始就着力于资源分配和合规，这也是它在EOSIO区块链生态立足的特点。EOS公链资源交易所REX启动之前，Chintai就想为EOS资源分配提供一个结构明晰、可规模化的方法。
等它在区块链生态有了一席之地之后，Chintai为自己的CHEX代币举办了一次融资。这时候，它亲身感受到了合规过程是多么复杂和困难，于是，它决心要给业内提供一个简单、合规的数字资产基础架构。
解决合规成本问题
Chintai CTO Phillip Hamnett解释说，对于金融机构来说，合规相关的成本十分高昂。“比如欧洲的金融机构，平均每年它们要在合规性上面支付七百万欧。一些大公司每年这方面的成本甚至超过一亿欧。”
这种高额成本部分来自过时的金融系统：它依赖着劳动力密集的人工审核。区块链技术之前，这样的系统想要自动化就需要单一的管理账号，但是，该账号可能被滥用，为非法金融交易保驾护航。因此，金融服务没有采用自动化确认和结算系统。
Chintai主要服务小型和大型企业中的数字资产发行方。小型机构更关注使用轻松与否和价格，而大公司则更关注合规引擎的迭代以及它是否能够满足内部和外部政策需要。
“我们让用户能够在数字资产的整个生命周期创建、发行和交易该资产，因为所有的政策要求都已经内置在系统中了，你不需要考虑法律层面的问题。”Philip说。“整个系统都运行在EOSIO区块链上，所以它可以被完全审计。”
Chintai系统能让参与的企业进行完全的审计流程。平台发行和交易数字资产的时候，系统就会进行内部检查，确保接下来的所有交易都能符合区域政策要求。“这已经被搭建在代币层了，”Philip说。“如果某人想代表另一个人购买代币，但是另外这个人因为政策要求不能购买，那么交易就不能进行，因为代币框架中就包含了政策要求。”这种地理围栏就能防止Chintai网络上出现非法交易。
因为系统层面已经写入了法律法规，网络提供的自动化解决方案也能适应不断变化的规则。为了实现这一目的，Chintai利用的智能合约能够根据代币管理哪些交易是被禁止的。另一个独立的智能合约则利用表格判断某个账号和哪个国家关联，不管是居住国的角度还是国籍的角度，以及对应地区适用的法律法规。一旦因为新的司法定义出现或区域管辖变化产生法律变化，智能合约也能按需升级。
“这是最困难的一部分，因为我们要使用法律术语，并把这些术语转化成代码。”为了应对该挑战，Chintai和新加坡区块链法律咨询所Bovill合作，在新加坡金融管理局获得合法执照、利用现有的法律框架、编写代码、并长期追踪和维护代码。
利用EOSIO的溯源功能和安全性
如果没有EOSIO的创新，Chintai平台上的很多功能可能都无法实现。
EOSIO智能合约让Chintai能够批量处理因为法规变化要做的升级，而不需要数字资产发行方认购跟踪和执行变化。
Chintai还利用EOSIO协议处理存在主观法规的灰色地带，比如出现因为反洗钱（AML）法规导致交易失败的情况。Chintai利用AI和人共同维护AML法规协议的完整性。
整体来说，网络允许自治活动。如果网络上某一个交易引发警报，那就触发额外的权限检查，确保交易符合法律法规，从而保护网络参与者。某些情况下，还会有相应的司法官员帮助核实某一个交易是否合法。最终，Chintai的目标是简化流程，减少人工。
整个合规流程的每一步，Chintai都在EOSIO区块链上做了备份。“如果我们检测到可以交易，我们会把交易推送给司法官员，这个步骤也是链上完成的。官员打开应用、检查可以交易列表时，他们可以点开一个交易检查细节、查阅证据、批准或否决交易，这一切也被记录在链上。这就让我们能够展示中间的每个步骤，从交易开始的瞬间，一直到最终可疑交易提送到官方或司法关于批准交易及中间涉及的所有流程，所有这些都会被记录下来。
Chintai配置的EOSIO区块链基于账户权限结构，活跃键（active key）由用户自己管理，而非常安全的所有者键（owner key）则由Chintai控制，这样才能执行账户恢复。此外，Chintai还继承了WebAuthn支持，简化登录难度，并利用生物识别的双因素验证提高账户安全。
EOSIO的权限结构让我们在控制企业如何利用Chintai系统上获得极大的权限。比如，某个银行是利用多个部门利用平台的，这些部门创造和发性大笔、管理分红支付、管理和代币相关的规则。每个部门都有用户有Chintain区块链账户，这些账户有设定的权限满足相应用例。如果要处理企业行为，如向股东分红等，那么就可以用特别的账户，利用多签名权限直接发起相应的交易。
Chintai还利用了EOSIO的其它产品功能，比如节点失效切换系统（nodeos failover system）和删除和上下文无关的数据功能。“有这样的故障解决方案，你就能控制私链，这样，公链就没必要了，而如果想处理合规的问题，控制私链又是必要的。我们利用EOSIO和上下文无关的数据功能，因为我们在履行GDPR（通用数据保护规定）规定方面就有这样的问题，有事实之后，我们就可以把数据从区块链删除，所以能够删除这种和上下文无关数据的功能是非常有用的。”
Chintai的联合创始人和CTO
Phillip Hamnett是Chintai的CTO，他管理者公司的技术和产品端。成立Chintai之前，他在空客担任软件工程师。在那之前，他在汉堡研究基本粒子，他要处理大型强子对撞机的海量数据组。后来，他就到空客专门做软件工程。2018年年中，他开始接触区块链技术，很快就参与创办了Chintai。
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原文/Original：
Chintai, an EOS VC recipient, is reducing the cost of compliance with automated EOSIO-powered alternatives to today’s financial and digital processes and systems.
From the onset, Chintai established itself in the EOSIO blockchain ecosystem by grappling with the challenges of resource allocation and compliance. Prior to the implementation of REX, a resource exchange for the EOS Public Blockchain, Chintai focused on early iterations of a structured, scalable approach to EOS resource allocation.
Maintaining a foothold in the blockchain ecosystem, Chintai held a token-based fundraising round for their CHEX token. After experiencing the complexity and challenges of compliance first-hand, Chintai pivoted to provide industries access to streamlined, compliant digital asset infrastructures.
Addressing the Costs of Compliance
Phillip Hamnett, Chintai CTO, explains that, for financial institutions, compliance related costs are staggering. “If you look at financial services at institutions in Europe, for example, on average they spend about €7 million a year on compliance specifically governing the financial industry. For some of the larger businesses the annual cost is over €100 million.”
Part of the reason for these high costs have to do with antiquated financial systems that hinge on labor intensive manual checks. Before blockchain technology, the automation of such a system would require a single administrative account, the power of which might be abused to shield or obfuscate illicit monetary transactions. Such limitations prevented the implementation of automated confirmation and settlement systems for financial services.
Chintai primarily caters to issuers from small and large businesses. While smaller enterprises focus on ease of use and affordability, the larger companies are more concerned with the intricacies of the compliance engine and its ability to satisfy internal and external policies.
“We’re providing the ability to create, issue, and trade digital assets through the full lifecycle, with all the compliance rules built into the system so you don’t need to be concerned over the legal aspects,” says Phillip. “We do it in a way that is fully auditable because the whole system is running on an EOSIO blockchain.”
Chintai’s systems are designed to provide participating companies the benefit of a full audit trail. Whenever digital assets are issued and traded on the platform, the system is designed to perform an internal check to ensure that any subsequent transactions adhere to the applicable regional compliance requirements. “We have this built into the token layer itself,” Phillip explains. “If someone tries to buy a token on behalf of someone else, who is prohibited from trading that token due to regulatory restraints, the transfer would fail because the compliance rules are woven into the token framework.” This type of geofencing helps to prevent illicit transactions on Chintai’s network.
By codifying regulatory guidelines at the system level, the network provides an automated solution that can also adapt to changing rules. To deliver this, Chintai utilizes smart contracts that manage which transactions are prohibited on a token by token basis. A separate smart contract utilizes a table to determine the country an account is associated with, either as a country of residence or citizenship, and thus which rules apply. The smart contracts can be updated as needed when regulations change based on new legal definitions, or regional jurisdictions.
“This is the difficult part, because we have to take legalese and convert it into code.” To tackle this challenge, Chintai has partnered with Bovill, a Singapore based blockchain regulatory compliance consultancy, in order to attain regulatory licensing from the Monetary Authority of Singapore, and take the existing legal framework, codify it, as well as track and maintain that code over time.
Driven By Traceability and Security on EOSIO
A number of the features Chintai offers on its platform would not be possible if not for the innovations of EOSIO.
EOSIO-based smart contracts make it possible for Chintai to implement any updates based on changes in compliance rules en masse, rather than each issuer being forced to manually track and implement changes.
Chintai also employs the EOSIO protocol to address grey areas where subjective legal rules are at play, such as cases when transactions may fall under scrutiny due to Anti-Money Laundering (AML) regulations. Chintai uses a mixture of AI and human follow up to maintain the integrity of its AML compliance protocol.
Overall, the network permits autonomous activity. If a transaction on the network sets off an alert, it triggers additional permission checks to ensure compliance and protect network participants. In some cases, compliance officers help to determine whether a transaction is valid or not. Ultimately Chintai aims to streamline this process to reduce the amount of human interaction.
For every step in the compliance process, Chintai maintains an EOSIO blockchain backed record. “If we detect a suspicious transaction, we forward it to the compliance officer, and we do so on-chain. When the officer opens the application to look at the list of suspicious transactions, they click on one to view the details and look at the evidence and approve or deny it, all of this will be recorded on-chain. This allows us to really show every single step involved, right from the beginning of the moment where a transfer occurred, through to eventually a suspicious transaction report being sent to authorities or the compliance officer approving it and allowing it to happen and all the steps in between, are all recorded.”
Chintai configured its EOSIO blockchain with an account permissions structure where active keys are managed by the user, and a strongly secured owner key is controlled by Chintai, making it possible to perform account recovery. In addition, Chintai has integrated WebAuthn-based support to reduce login complexity and improve account security with biometric two factor authentication.
The permission structure of EOSIO allows for very granular control of how a business would be able to use Chintai’s system. For instance, a banking institution that uses the platform does so through multiple departments that create and issue tokens, manage dividend payments, and manage compliance rules associated with those tokens. Within each department there are users with accounts on the Chintai blockchain with permissions set up to accommodate the associated use-case. For handling corporate actions, such as paying dividends to stakeholders, specific accounts can be associated with multi-signature permissions pertaining to the desired transaction.
Chintai also takes advantage of additional EOSIO product features, such as the nodeos failover system and the ability to prune context free data. “Having this sort of failover system in place allows you to have the redundancy of a public chain with the controls of a private chain, and the controls of a private chain are necessary in order to handle these compliance aspects of things. We use the context-free data aspects of EOSIO, because we have these issues of GDPR compliance where we have to be able to delete data from the blockchain after the fact, and having the ability to prune data from these context free actions is a feature that is also very useful.”
Meet Chintai’s Cofounder and CTO
Phillip Hamnett is the CTO of Chintai, and manages the tech and product side of the company. Before founding Chintai, Phillip worked as a software programmer at Airbus. Prior to his aviation industry experience Phillip researched new fundamental particles in Hamburg, handling huge data sets from the Large Hadron Collider. He moved on to professional software engineering at Airbus and in mid 2018 Phillip was introduced to blockchain technology. Shortly after he co-founded Chintai.
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