EOS PowerUp模型解读/The EOS PowerUp Model Explained

译文/Translated：

总览

公共区块链怎么分配和管理链上资源是非常重要的。一些网络通过收取交易费用运营，交易用户越多，价格越高。这些费用就被矿工收取。EOS公共区块链的模型不同，它锁定了EOS代币，保存资源。在EOS公共区块链上，有三种重要的资源：CPU带宽（CPU）（处理交易的时间）、网络带宽（NET）（以字节为单位的交易规模）、RAM（以字节为单位，把数据储存在链上的方法）。我们接下来要讨论的是CPU和NET，以及我们打算怎么让它们升级发展。

目前，EOS代币被认为是拥有数字房产。获得所有EOS的1%就像控制了链上总资源的1%。当用户锁定代币的时候，他们就储存了总资源的1%。每个用户获得的CPU和NET和他们锁定的代币成比例。如果你有1%的代币，那你就有1%的资源。

本模型也有一些问题

1. 资源闲置：不是每个人锁定代币都是为了获得资源。有些人锁定代币只是想获得安全感，还有些人只是为了投票。但是，用户锁定代币的时候，资源也还是被储存起来了。这样一来，哪怕别人想利用这些资源，这些资源也只能处于闲置状态。
2. 获得额外资源的障碍：想进行交易但是却发现自己没有足够资源的时候，用户有三个选择：
   1. 购买更多的EOS进行交易——这样比较浪费时间，而且，如果用户只是想完成转账或类似的事情，这么做用户体验就不好。
   1. 从资源交易所（REX）获得资源——但是过去REX上的资源发生过几次耗尽的情况。我们不清楚REX上是否有足够的流动性支持全网的资源分配。
   1. 利用包含资源的钱包——这是一个很好的解决方法，但是新用户可能不知道这些钱包。此外，很多钱包依赖REX。这就又回到前面提到的流动性问题。
3. 新用户成本：基于上述原因，获得额外EOS来保存资源是很麻烦的。

所以我们提出对这个模型进行改进。

社区同步

2020年秋季以来，Block.one就一直和EOSIO开发者社区的其它成员一起评估一个新提出的模型，该模型试图改进EOS公共区块链分配CPU和NET资源的方法。我们把这个模型成为EOS PowerUp模型（EOS充电模型），我们相信它会给EOS公共区块链带来更大的自由和效率。我们提出了一个漏洞赏金计划和超级节点投票项目，刺激社区参与代码迭代。撰写本文的时候，已经有250多人在上Telegram参与了讨论，有40多个超级节点候选人提出了反馈意见，所有的反馈都是积极的。而提交上来的漏洞中，没有一个发现了任何问题。

我们感谢参与了讨论的整个社区，他们让提出的EOS PowerUp模型窗口从30天缩短到24小时。我们也要感谢EOS Authority提出的建议，我们最终根据其建议改变了代码。

模型解读

EOS社区很好地分析拆解了该模型的工作过程。EOS超级节点候选人EOS Vibes这么解释：

EOS PowerUp模型给用户两个选择：

1.支付少量费用给账户“充电”，在未来24小时您的账户就可以获得CPU和NET带宽，满足交易需求。

2.存入您的闲置代币，获得整个EOS公共区块链产生的一定比例的收入

想象一下，这就是说工作证明的网络上的代币持有者是链上交易活动费用的接收者，而不是矿工。这就是现在正在发生的事情。根据你的使用水平和存入的总代币额，你获得的收入就可以覆盖账户充电的费用。而这一切都发生在能够保证系统资源可用性更好的背景下。

创造令人惊讶的用户体验

资源提供者的未来

EOS公共区块链生态内部共同的愿景是，EOSIO是一个稳健的开发平台，支持无缝的用户体验。这个愿景假定链上资源管理最终将脱离终端用户，届时，他们用区块链应用的体验和普通应用的体验就没有差别。我们认为这些资源提供者是灵活和高效满足用户资源需求的桥梁，因此我们相信，有了这些资源提供者，我们可以实现这个愿景。这个桥梁可以通过第三方或者通过终端用户应用提供。但是，EOS PowerUp模型的费用如何处理还是取决于提供者和应用。我们鼓励EOS社区成员帮助我们促进开源SDK的开发，在终端用户体验中更容易地集成资源提供者。如果您现在就在攻克这样的解决方法，请联系我们。

向前发展

我们认为，EOS PowerUp模型减少了很多EOS公共区块链的资源问题，它也尝试增加代币持有人和EOS公共区块链使用的相互支持。

我们希望，和2019年第三、四季度完成的EOSIO 1.8共识升级一样，EOS社区内部的其它领导人能够站出来引导EOS PowerUp模型的开发、部署、和应用。我们期待着作为EOS社区的一员参与进来。

了解新提出的EOS PowerUp模型的技术解释，请阅读 EOSIO资源分配提议。

原文/Original：

Overview

How public blockchains allocate and manage on-chain resources is extremely important. Some networks operate on the basis of transaction fees, where prices go up as more people try to transact. Those fees are collected by miners. The EOS Public Blockchain has a different model that involves locking up EOS tokens to reserve resources. On the EOS Public Blockchain, there are three resources that matter: CPU bandwidth (CPU), which is the amount of time it takes to process a transaction, network bandwidth (NET), which is the size of a transaction measured in bytes, and RAM, which is the method for storing data on-chain measured in bytes. We’re going to talk about CPU and NET and how we propose to evolve them moving forward.

Currently, EOS tokens are referred to as owning digital real estate. Owning a percentage of all EOS is likened to controlling a percentage of the total resources on-chain. When a user locks up their tokens, they reserve a percentage of the total available resources. The amount of CPU and NET each user receives was proportional to the amount of tokens they had locked up. If you have 1% of tokens, you have 1% of resources.

There Were Challenges with this Model

1. Resources sitting idle: Not everyone locks up their tokens to access resources. Some lock up their tokens for additional security, while others do it solely to vote. Regardless, resources are still reserved when a user locks up their tokens. Those resources sat idle even if others wanted to access them.
2. Barriers to obtaining additional resources: Users that try to transact but find that they don’t have enough resources to do so are presented with three options:
   • Purchase more EOS to transact – This is time consuming and not a good experience if a user is merely trying to accomplish a transfer or something similar.
   • Obtain resources from the Resource Exchange (REX) – The amount of resources available from REX have depleted multiple times in the past. It’s not clear if there is enough liquidity in REX to support resource allocation needs across the network.
   • Use a wallet that covers resources – This is a good solution, but these wallets may not be known to new users. In addition, many of these wallets rely on REX. which brings us back to the liquidity issue above.
3. New user costs: Obtaining additional EOS to reserve resources is cumbersome for reasons mentioned above.

We’re proposing the next evolution to this model.

A Community in Sync

Since Fall 2020, Block.one has engaged with the rest of the EOSIO developer community to evaluate a newly proposed model for how the EOS Public Blockchain allocates CPU and NET resources. We call this the EOS PowerUp Model and believe it provides greater freedom and efficiency for the EOS Public Blockchain. We provided a bug bounty program and Block Producer voting program to incentivize engagement with the code. At the time of writing, over 250 individuals have joined in the conversation on Telegram and over 40 Block Producer candidates have provided feedback, all of which has been positive. Of the bug bounty submissions, none identified any vulnerabilities.

We’d like to acknowledge the entire community who participated in the discussions that resulted in the proposed EOS PowerUp Model window being shortened from 30 days to 24 hours. We also acknowledge EOS Authority for a suggestion that resulted in a code change.

The Model Explained

The EOS community has done an excellent job at breaking down how this new model works. EOS Vibes, an EOS Block Producer candidate, explains it like this:

The EOS PowerUp Model presents the user with two choices:

1. Pay a small fee to power up your account for 24 hours with CPU and NET bandwidth that you can use to fulfill your transactions needs.
2. Deposit your idle tokens to receive a percentage of the fees generated by the entire EOS Public Blockchain.

Imagine if token-holders on proof-of-work networks were the recipients of fees generated by transactional activity on-chain, instead of miners. That’s essentially what’s happening here. Depending on your usage level and the total amount of tokens deposited, the fees you collect may offset the fees you pay to power up your account. And all of this happens within the context of ensuring greater availability of system resources.

Creating Amazing UX:
The Future of Resource Providers

A shared vision within the EOS Public Blockchain ecosystem is that EOSIO is robust enough of a development platform to support seamless user experiences. This vision imagines that on-chain resource management is abstracted away from the end-user to the point where their experience is indistinguishable from a typical application. We believe that vision can be achieved through resource providers, which we view as middleware that dynamically and efficiently meets the resource needs of users. This middleware can be offered by a third party or by the end-user applications. However, the way the EOS PowerUp Model fees are handled is up to the providers and the applications. We encourage EOS community members to help spur development of open-source SDKs that enable easy resource provider integration within end user experiences. Please reach out to us if you are working on such a solution.

Driving this Forward

We believe that the EOS PowerUp Model alleviates many resource challenges on the EOS Public Blockchain and seeks to increase alignment between token holders and usage of the EOS Public Blockchain.

It is our expectation that, similar to the EOSIO 1.8 consensus upgrade that occurred in Q3 and Q4 of 2019, leadership from within the rest of the EOS community will emerge to lead the development, deployment, and adoption of the EOS PowerUp Model. We look forward to participating as a member of the EOS community.

For the technical explanation of the proposed EOS PowerUp model, please read the EOSIO Resource Allocation Proposal. 

原文链接/Original URL:

The EOS PowerUp Model Explained